Electrical installation design for schools should be simple and economical. It must also be practical and functional.
Among the educational buildings, primary and secondary school buildings are the most common. Yet their numbers are still insufficient to cater for the high increase of enrollment throughout the country.
The construction of new school building by the education ministry has been increasing at a very high rate in the last few years. The design of the electrical system stresses more on the functionality and practicality of the system. The fundamental concept of the design is to ensure maximum safety and to keep maintenance requirements to the minimum. That also means that spare parts that will be needed for maintenance throughout the life of the installation should be easily obtainable locally and low-cost.
Other than the primary and secondary school building, the educational institution has the higher learning institutions such the universities technology institutes polytechnics, teachers training colleges and youth skills training centers.
These institutions have other criteria that set them apart from school building as educational buildings. In designing the electrical installations for these buildings, other that the factors of safety and functionality, special considerations should also be given to the factors of aesthetic values and the possibilities of future extension of the campuses or the building complexes.
Usually educational institutions like these consist of many separate large buildings like the administrative block, the staff quarters, the student hostel blocks, academic buildings, libraries, lecture theaters, halls and lecture halls. A few substations are usually required and they are usually located at large load centers throughout the campus.
These types of educational institutions usually have large campuses where many individual building are located far apart. As a consequence the electrical distribution system requires the use of higher distribution network. Proper switching arrangement between the various substations is usually designed for to ensure the continuity of supply and also to allow for ease of maintenance on the installation network.
A certain arrangement may also be worked out with the electricity supply authority regarding the design of the distribution and provisions of separate individual meters (which are separately billed by the electricity supplier i.e. canteen operators and retail shop operators) at certain facilities on the large campus.
Copyright http://electricalinstallationblog.blogspot.com/ Schools electrical installation
Showing posts with label School. Show all posts
Showing posts with label School. Show all posts
Friday, December 18, 2009
School lighting installations
The design of electrical installation, including lighting, for schools always have the following few factors as the fundamental design criteria:
1) Simple design
2) Low construction cost
3) Simple operation
4) Low maintenance cost
5) Easily obtainable spare parts
In lighting design for buildings, school lighting designs takes this factors to full use.
Most school buildings are used only during the day and throughout the year we have very bright days in this country. Apart from that, the architectural layout of most school building usually end up being provided with wide area of windows and long narrow corridors.
Due to these factors, the contribution of daylight has a considerable effect in the lighting design for school buildings. In fact the above factors should be utilized fully to obtain a maximum reduction in the number of light fittings that are needed to provide the necessary level of brightness at all time.
An optimized design can have a considerable impact in terms construction cost saving and will result in an installation that is simple to operate and with a reasonable degree safety, considering that the majority of occupants in the school are young children.
The most widely used types of light fittings in school buildings are the fluorescent types, and the most popular of them is the bare channel fluorescent type. This type has always been found to be the most suitable and economical choice for interior lighting.
Fluorescent lights have a good color rendering characteristics. They have longer life and are less susceptible to voltage fluctuations. They also has higher luminous efficacy (higher light output per watt of electricity consumed) than tungsten filament lamp, the nearest contender in terms of simple design and low construction cost.
Lighting installation for student hostel buildings more often utilize compact fluorescent fittings in combination with the conventional fluorescent tubes. This is because the compact fluorescent lamps can be blended easily with decorative luminaries while retaining most of the other advantages: energy saving, high light output per watt consumed, generate low heat and longer life.
In study bedrooms, maximum amount of light is needed over the study table while the room needs to have a feeling of warmth and comfort. Therefore this type of rooms have the compact fluorescent as the general lighting, and an adjustable desk lamp as the task lighting for the study tables.
Spaces with high ceiling like the multipurpose halls and gymnasiums need the type of lighting that require minimum maintenance. Therefore the popular practice is to use high performance lighting types of high pressure discharge lamp. The high performance criteria is very important here because the lamps not only need to be of high light output and less maintenance, but also need to have a good color rendering index because of the type of activities that are carried out in these building spaces.
The stages in multipurpose halls are provided with stage lighting which comprise of the fresnel spotlights, profile spotlights and cyclorama floodlights. The stage lighting luminaries are suspended from specially designed lighting barrels with a complete rigging system.
The stage lighting and the hall general purpose lighting are provided with separate controls. The stage lighting itself is provided with dimmer and programmable controls.
School complexes with student hostels and staff quarters are provided with road lighting along the access roads to the hostel and quarters buildings. The residential compound and carpark areas are also provide with suitable compound lighting and carpark lighting.
Copyright http://electricalinstallationblog.blogspot.com/ School lighting installations
1) Simple design
2) Low construction cost
3) Simple operation
4) Low maintenance cost
5) Easily obtainable spare parts
In lighting design for buildings, school lighting designs takes this factors to full use.
Most school buildings are used only during the day and throughout the year we have very bright days in this country. Apart from that, the architectural layout of most school building usually end up being provided with wide area of windows and long narrow corridors.
Due to these factors, the contribution of daylight has a considerable effect in the lighting design for school buildings. In fact the above factors should be utilized fully to obtain a maximum reduction in the number of light fittings that are needed to provide the necessary level of brightness at all time.
An optimized design can have a considerable impact in terms construction cost saving and will result in an installation that is simple to operate and with a reasonable degree safety, considering that the majority of occupants in the school are young children.
The most widely used types of light fittings in school buildings are the fluorescent types, and the most popular of them is the bare channel fluorescent type. This type has always been found to be the most suitable and economical choice for interior lighting.
Fluorescent lights have a good color rendering characteristics. They have longer life and are less susceptible to voltage fluctuations. They also has higher luminous efficacy (higher light output per watt of electricity consumed) than tungsten filament lamp, the nearest contender in terms of simple design and low construction cost.
Lighting installation for student hostel buildings more often utilize compact fluorescent fittings in combination with the conventional fluorescent tubes. This is because the compact fluorescent lamps can be blended easily with decorative luminaries while retaining most of the other advantages: energy saving, high light output per watt consumed, generate low heat and longer life.
In study bedrooms, maximum amount of light is needed over the study table while the room needs to have a feeling of warmth and comfort. Therefore this type of rooms have the compact fluorescent as the general lighting, and an adjustable desk lamp as the task lighting for the study tables.
Spaces with high ceiling like the multipurpose halls and gymnasiums need the type of lighting that require minimum maintenance. Therefore the popular practice is to use high performance lighting types of high pressure discharge lamp. The high performance criteria is very important here because the lamps not only need to be of high light output and less maintenance, but also need to have a good color rendering index because of the type of activities that are carried out in these building spaces.
The stages in multipurpose halls are provided with stage lighting which comprise of the fresnel spotlights, profile spotlights and cyclorama floodlights. The stage lighting luminaries are suspended from specially designed lighting barrels with a complete rigging system.
The stage lighting and the hall general purpose lighting are provided with separate controls. The stage lighting itself is provided with dimmer and programmable controls.
School complexes with student hostels and staff quarters are provided with road lighting along the access roads to the hostel and quarters buildings. The residential compound and carpark areas are also provide with suitable compound lighting and carpark lighting.
Copyright http://electricalinstallationblog.blogspot.com/ School lighting installations
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